![]() The benefits of controlled respiration were first theoretically posited centuries ago by the practitioners of pranayama yoga. Yoga and meditation have inspired many of the breathing exercises used today. Research into basic physiology and into the effects of applying breath-control methods lends credence to the value of monitoring and regulating our inhalations and exhalations. In fact, every relaxation, calming or meditation technique relies on breathing, which may be the lowest common denominator in all the approaches to calming the body and mind. The contemporary forms of mindfulness meditation also emphasize breathing-based exercises. The approach is based partly on slow and deep breathing and is probably still the best-known breathing technique for relaxation in the West today. In more modern times, German psychiatrist Johannes Heinrich Schultz developed “autogenic training” in the 1920s as a method of relaxation. ![]() Pranayama (“breath retention”) yoga was the first doctrine to build a theory around respiratory control, holding that controlled breathing was a way to increase longevity. Recommendations for how to modulate breathing and influence health and mind appeared centuries ago as well. In Latin languages, spiritus is at the root of both “spirit” and “respiration.” The Chinese call this energy qi, and Hindus call it prana (one of the key concepts of yoga).Ī little later, in the West, the Greek term pneuma and the Hebrew term rûah referred both to the breath and to the divine presence. (In fact, in many languages the word “exhale” is synonymous with “dying.”) Breathing is so central to life that it is no wonder humankind long ago noted its value not only to survival but to the functioning of the body and mind and began controlling it to improve well-being.Īs early as the first millennium B.C., both the Tao religion of China and Hinduism placed importance on a “vital principle” that flows through the body, a kind of energy or internal breath, and viewed respiration as one of its manifestations. doi:10.2196/mental.As newborns, we enter the world by inhaling. Delivering cognitive behavior therapy to young adults with symptoms of depression and anxiety using a fully automated conversational agent (Woebot): A randomized controlled trial. Effect of breathwork on stress and mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials. doi:10.1186/s1290-7įincham GW, Strauss C, Montero-Marin J, Cavanagh K. Yogic breathing when compared to attention control reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in saliva: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Twal WO, Wahlquist AE, Balasubramanian S. ![]() Treatment of major depressive disorder with iyengar yoga and coherent breathing: A randomized controlled dosing study. Streeter CC, Gerbarg PL, Whitfield TH, et al. The influence of breathing on the central nervous system. doi:10.4103/aian.AIAN_148_17īordoni B, Purgol S, Bizzarri A, Modica M, Morabito B. Vagus nerve stimulation modulates complexity of heart rate variability differently during sleep and wakefulness. Thalamic gamma aminobutyric acid level changes in major depressive disorder after a 12-week iyengar yoga and coherent breathing intervention. Streeter CC, Gerbarg PL, Brown RP, et al. Self-regulation of breathing as a primary treatment for anxiety. Jerath R, Crawford MW, Barnes VA, Harden K.
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